Author Archives: Glenn

List of Treaties

The following are some of the French treaties that were signed in the Napoleonic Era.  Each are hyperlinked to a translated copy of the original treaty in its entirety.  This not an exhaustive list, as I’m only adding treaties that … Continue reading

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War of the Seventh Coalition

The Hundred Days, also known as the War of the Seventh Coalition, marked the period between Emperor Napoleon I of France’s return from exile on Elba to Paris on 20 March 1815 and the second restoration of King Louis XVIII … Continue reading

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Returning Home – 1840

It is my wish that my ashes may repose on the banks of the Seine, in the midst of the French people, whom I have loved so well. – Testament of Napoleon, 2d Clause. In 1840, Louis Philippe I obtained … Continue reading

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Death of Napoleon

His preparations for death were methodical and complete.  During the last fortnight of April all his strength was spent in dictating to Montholon his last wishes.  He even dictated, ten days before the end, the note which he wished sent … Continue reading

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Exile on St. Helena

The most serious concern Napoleon felt in facing his new life was that he would have no occupation.  He saw at once that St. Helena would not be an Elba. He sought conversation, studied English, played games, began to dictate his … Continue reading

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Second Abdication

On arriving at Paris, three days after Waterloo, Napoleon still clung to the hope of concerting national resistance; but the temper of the chambers and of the public generally forbade any such attempt. Napoleon and his brother Lucien Bonaparte were … Continue reading

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Battle of Waterloo

The Battlefield at Waterloo is small, only 3 miles east/west and 1 1/2 miles deep on which massed nearly 70,000 allies and 71,000 French troops. Wellington had chosen his ground carefully since he had seen the battlefield previously. He deployed … Continue reading

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Battle of Wavre

In the afternoon of 18 June 1815, while Napoleon Bonaparte was fighting his last battle on the fields of Waterloo, Marshal Grouchy fought Thielmann’s Prussian army corps near the village of Wavre. The victory was his, but it meant nothing … Continue reading

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Battle of Quatre Bras (June 16, 1815)

The crossroads of Quatre-Bras was of strategic importance because the side which controlled it could move south-eastward along the Nivelles-Namur road towards the French and Prussian armies at the Battle of Ligny. If Wellington’s Anglo-allied army could combine with the … Continue reading

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Battle of Ligny

The Battle of Ligny (16 June 1815) was the last victory of the military career of Napoleon. In this battle, French troops of the Armée du Nord under Napoleon’s command, defeated a Prussian army under Field Marshal Blücher, near Ligny … Continue reading

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