Category Archives: Other Private & Affairs of State

List of Treaties

The following are some of the French treaties that were signed in the Napoleonic Era.  Each are hyperlinked to a translated copy of the original treaty in its entirety.  This not an exhaustive list, as I’m only adding treaties that … Continue reading

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Returning Home – 1840

It is my wish that my ashes may repose on the banks of the Seine, in the midst of the French people, whom I have loved so well. – Testament of Napoleon, 2d Clause. In 1840, Louis Philippe I obtained … Continue reading

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Death of Napoleon

His preparations for death were methodical and complete.  During the last fortnight of April all his strength was spent in dictating to Montholon his last wishes.  He even dictated, ten days before the end, the note which he wished sent … Continue reading

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Exile on St. Helena

The most serious concern Napoleon felt in facing his new life was that he would have no occupation.  He saw at once that St. Helena would not be an Elba. He sought conversation, studied English, played games, began to dictate his … Continue reading

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Congress of Vienna

On September 1814, the Congress of Vienna began. All the powers of Europe sent delegates to decide the issue of the day: the reorganization of the chaotic Europe Napoleon’s conquest had left behind.  The Congress was a redrawing of the … Continue reading

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Coup d’Etat Attempt – Oct 1812

It was on the horrible withdrawal from Russia that Napoleon received word that General Malet with a group of conspirators had succeeded in the preliminaries of a coup d’etat overturning the empire, and substituting a provisional government. They had carried out … Continue reading

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Birth of Napoleon’s Son

On March 20, 1811, the long-desired heir to the French throne was born.  It had been arranged that the birth of the child should be announced to the people by cannon shot; twenty-one if it were a princess, one hundred … Continue reading

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Marriage of Marie-Louise & Napoleon

Over two years before the divorce a list of the marriageable princesses of Europe had been drawn up for Napoleon.  This list included eighteen names in all, the two most prominent being Archduchess Marie Louise of Austria (daughter of Emperor … Continue reading

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Divorce of Josephine

To further the universal peace he desired, to prevent plots among his subordinates who would aspire to his crown in case of his sudden death, and to assure a succession, Napoleon now decided to take a step long in mind … Continue reading

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Louis Bonaparte, King of Holland

On June 5, 1806, Louis Bonaparte, Napoleon’s younger brother, was proclaimed King of Holland by Napoleon. Louis turned out to be a good king and was well thought of by the Dutch. He introduced a great administrative reorganization, instituted orders … Continue reading

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